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Historiquement, l’intervention de l’État dans l’économie a été le théâtre d’un débat acharné entre les courants de pensée économique.

De nombreux variables sont inhérents à l’émergence des cycles économiques, notamment : les fluctuations au niveau de l’offre et de la demande et la cyclicité du processus d’octroi du crédit.

Fluctuations are up and down movements that characterize the behavior of economic quantities: prices, income, GDP, etc. The analysis of this situation highlights the existence of a set of phases that feed each other in a regular rhythm of activity. This is what we call the economic cycle. 

Recent work on unemployment can be summarized under the following headings: macroeconomic imbalances, microeconomic analysis, efficiency wage theory, labor market segmentation theory and the insider-outsider model.

The traditional theories on unemployment are the theories that are part of the global explanations of the economic reality (the old approaches of unemployment). Thus, three main currents of economic thought have contributed to the explanation of this social scourge. They are torn between liberal, Marxist and Keynesian explanations.

Inflation depreciates the value of the national currency: To the extent that the rise in the general level of prices increases the cost of living, which weakens the purchasing power of households. In the same wake, the decisions (investment, savings, consumption) of economic agents are totally disturbed, because price variations do not follow any logic, which discourages exchanges, the actors be wary of holding this currency, they seek by all means to get rid of so as not to be victims

Inflation comes from the Latin word "inflare", which means "to inflate", "to swell", it is manifested by a decrease in the value of the currency of an economy, which causes a general, lasting and self-sustaining increase in the prices of goods and services.

The economic dissertation is no longer a simple job, which consists of taking literally and by heart what one has learned (during educational course sessions), in order to solve a problem inherent in a subject to be treated.

The theory of the entrepreneurial spirit and economic development: stipulates that socio-cultural obstacles (lack of collective consciousness, rigidity, archaic mentality, etc.) and psychological barriers to entrepreneurial skills (lack of initiative, motivation, fear failure, lack of responsibility (leadership), lack of team spirit, etc.) are all factors that prevent the underdeveloped society from succeeding in the technological and organizational transition.

Growth is a sustained increase in the level of output over the long term, or at least over a relatively long period.

Nevertheless, a distinction must be made between economic growth, which is related to an increase in the volume of production in the long term, and economic expansion, which is related to an increase in production in the short term.